American Lives

Family is defined as the group of people united by kinship and is the primary component of society. The family is assigned to reproduce a society; parents from their point of view are expected to rear their children socializing them, educating them, religious, economic and political roles. Biologically, parents play an important role in enculturation and the same thing also goes for America. The American concept of an ideal family, like many most country includes the family as the basis and pioneer for the development of the cultural aspect and perspective of an individual.It can also be said that their views regarding families have shifted from giving emphasis on rural agrarian life to emphasis on urban and industrialized way. Looking at a historical point of view, it can be said that this change or shifting in the family image and representation and the family structure itself had occurred during the time of American Revolution where the family is considered to be a productive unit and work space are included within a family house. Work and home had only been separated during the middle of the nineteenth century.By this time, the family had been viewed as a form of defense of an individual against the material world. The family is then said to protect its members especially the young ones against the disturbance brought by the material world. Also during this time, family values together with those causes and effects of the problems and crises that the family faced are being studied. The role and value of money and as well employment had also been a great influence in the features of family lives.Cultural and ethnic diversities in the family life together with the family’s classification whether upper, middle or lower classes are also being looked at. The relationships and effects of the family and its relation and relevance to today’s students are also examined. This is because the family is considered in the United States as an institution tha t is deeply rooted for its effects on an individual plays a very significant role in the formation of his or her personal identity, beliefs and personality.Every individual members of the family seeks to find and meet his or her personal needs inside the family that he or she belongs. Although the family is treasured and considered as a group and should remain as a group, the individuality of each member is not completely submerged in the family. An individual’s personality and characteristics are developed through their interplay among the members of the family.When an individual reaches the 7th grade, he or she experiences several changes that can be considered as a part of his or her growth that includes almost every aspect of his or her life such as his or her psychological, physical and as well as mental growth. By this time, the family answers several important questions of an individual especially when it comes to their personality and belongingness, although the famil y may not answer these questions directly. Students are able to understand better their personality, who they are as viewed by the community by looking at their own families.The role and position of the adolescents in the family also plays an important part in for all the members of the family. How the parents with their children are also an important factor for the students to be able to understand that conflicts within the family is a usual and normal situation. Conflicts can be considered as a natural part and instance that happens within family members. Through the used of several activities, students will be able to have a clear view about themselves and as well as their families.Through various activities, students are able to understand and see and realized the distinction and are able to decide for themselves what are facts and myths regarding American families. By this time, the students are also able to formulate a kind of life that they want to live and as well as the kin d of family that they would like to have in their future. Family truly plays an important role in the development of an individual and their personality. Works Cited Richardson, L. â€Å"Images of the American Family†. 2007. 04 December 2007

Cowgirl Chocolates

Cowgirl Chocolates Case Study 1. What are some of the critical strengths and weaknesses of Cowgirl Chocolates that determine the success of this small business? Can the weaknesses be overcome by the strengths of the business? Some of the critical strengths of Cowgirl Chocolates that determine the success of this small business include product differentiation, quality, flexible return policy, and personalization. Cowgirl Chocolates is very modern creation since it meets the needs of a specific market of spicy and chocolate fans by combining both cayenne, a spice, and chocolate, a sweetener.The business also is known for using premium ingredients in all of the chocolates it offers. The business not only offers a flexible return policy, which gives customers a full refund guarantee if they end up disliking the spicy truffles but also facilitates trial purchases for customers interested in the spicy chocolates. The company also uses personal notes in the Web site orders in order to build customer satisfaction. Some of the critical weaknesses of Cowgirl Chocolates include having a high production cost, not having a tailored mission statement for this specific business, and lacking focus.Cowgirl Chocolates has to pay a lot of money for the packaging, ingredients, and travel expenses to make the hot caramel dessert sauce. The business also is unfocused because of weak distribution, there is no product definition or market research, and the target market is thus dispersed due to not having a properly defined consumer base. Yes, the weaknesses can be overcome by the strengths of the business if the business spends time focusing on the weaknesses listed in order to build a more successful small business. 2. Using the total product view, describe the â€Å"hot and spicy chocolate truffle† offered by Cowgirl Chocolates?Based on this product view do you think this product will be readily accepted by consumers? Why or why not? The â€Å"hot and spicy chocolate truffl e† offered by Cowgirl Chocolates were offered in several flavors such as plain chocolate, mint, orange, lime tequila, and espresso. The plain chocolate, mint, and orange truffles were wrapped in gold wrappers, the lime tequila truffles were wrapped in green wrappers, and the espresso truffles were wrapped in red wrappers in order for the customer to recognize that this truffle was extra spicy and hot.Personally, I believe the packaging of the truffles is not fully understandable because red does denote something hot, while the other flavors wrappers don’t fully translate to being hot and spicy. The truffles were also available in gift boxes, drawstring muslin bags, a collectible tin, and also in a plastic bag if the customer chose to purchase the truffles on the Cowgirl Chocolates website. Personally, I do not believe that consumers will readily accept this product because the general market of consumers will more than likely purchase sweet, milky chocolates over hot an d spicy chocolates.The purchase of Cowgirl Chocolates fully depends on whether the consumer likes the taste rather than attractive packaging and different experience. 3. What market do you think the â€Å"hot and spicy truffles† is competing in—the hot and spicy food market, the chocolate candy market, the gift niche market, or other? Personally, I believe the â€Å"hot and spicy truffles† are competing in the chocolate candy market because when one thinks of the name â€Å"Cowgirl Chocolates† the word â€Å"chocolate† comes to mind rather than hot and spicy. The hot and spicy food market is strongly associated with spices, sauces, Mexican foods, and Spanish influenced foods.Cowgirl Chocolates thus seems more likely to be successful in the chocolate candy market rather than the hot and spicy food market due to the unique packaging of the truffles, the brand name given to the product, and the premium ingredients and price. 4. What is your assessment of Marilyn’s promotional efforts? In order for Marilyn to increase the sale of her chocolates, should she use a push or pull communication strategy? Personally, I believe that Marilyn has been very effective with her promotional efforts in order to create customer demand. Through the use of her award-winning recognition for packaging at various art shows, dvertising in her local newspaper, the Soviet Awards recognition of her unique and tasty products, and presence and involvement with Seattle Chocolates have thus far helped bring some awareness for her product. In order for Marilyn to increase the sale of her chocolates, she should use a pull communication strategy because the more publicity she is able to gain for product and creative packaging, the greater awareness she will thus be able to gain for her business. 5. As you examine Exhibit 2, you will note that Cowgirl Chocolates offers several gift packages (1/4 pound, 1/2 pound, 1 lb. gift bucket, gift basket, nothing fa ncy) that range in suggested retail prices from $8. 95 to $59. 95. Given these price and packaging alternatives what type of product (convenience, shopping, or specialty) is Cowgirl Chocolates? Based on this classification would the buyer decision more likely to be a routine, limited or complex decision? Explain your reasoning. Given these price and packaging alternatives I believe Cowgirl Chocolates are specialty products because they are more expensive and thus for the most part exclusively distributed in either specialty stores or gift stores.By classifying Cowgirl Chocolates as specialty products, buyer decision would more likely be a limited decision because it requires putting though in the shopping process and therefore the decision whether to purchase or not purchase the product the product takes place in a store environment where the display of the products is thus very important to whether or not the customer will thus end up purchasing the product. 6. The suggested retail price and wholesale prices of Cowgirl Chocolates products are displayed in Exhibit 2 along with the product and packaging costs.Based on this information, discuss the relative merits of using a cost-based, demand-based, or competition based pricing method. The relative merits of using a cost-based, demand-based, or competition based pricing method include recognizing the that the retail prices are pretty much double the wholesale price. Thus, the combined packaging costs and the imported chocolate make these high-quality products very costly even before markups on the products are made at both the wholesale and retail level. Similarly, hen one compares the price of for example, the half pound tin, that seems very expensive when compared to a 24 pack of Lindor Chocolate Truffles which costs $12. 00 a bag. 7. Construct a table consisting of the generic marketing mix strategies. Based on what you know about Cowgirl Chocolates, what marketing mix plan would you recommend to Marilyn and why? Based on what I know about Cowgirl Chocolates, I would recommend gift purchases to Marilyn because gift purchases are strongly influenced by both situational and temporary conditions, which thus allow for numerous opportunities to purchase Cowgirl Chocolates.Furthermore, these chocolates are very appropriate to give to a male consumer because research shows that men like hot and spicy foods more so than women. Cowgirl Chocolates would also be a good small gift to someone hosting a party or a dinner since a lot of consumers look around for a small gift in order to say thank you to the hostess.? 8. For a small business like Cowgirl Chocolates, what benefits and/or potential problems does a website offer? For a small business like Cowgirl Chocolates, a website offers both benefits and potential problems.The benefits include providing Marilyn the opportunity to build an online customer database and a database with customers who are thus repeat customers. Another benefit includes t he business Cowgirl Chocolates to gain online awareness by being features on the appropriate online portals like chocolate candies and unique gift products. The potential problems include the possibility of sales increasing online and Marilyn thus must figure out a way to manage the increasing demand which might include having to pay additional costs in both packaging and shipping and additional labor costs in order to prepare the packages.

The Basic Maketing Concept

The report also hopes to target specific business functions and show ways of using the marketing concept to improve them. It will also identify ways in which marketing can help achieve various goals within the organisation. The Marketing Concept (alternatively known as a ‘business philosophy' or ‘a way of doing business') has become an effective way of improving the overall performance of many businesses in recent years. Companies have realised that in order to make profits and sustain them, they must consider the needs and wants of their customers. They must then compare these needs and wants to the product or service that they currently offer. The concept of marketing is based upon the idea that if the customer has a need and is satisfied with the product, then ultimately sales will be good – hence profit will be good. It goes without saying that every company's aim is to maximise their profit margin, but in order to do this, some tend to focus too much on the selling aspect and not enough on the actual customer. A Company can be orientated in different ways: A sales orientated company will focus purely on the amount that they sell, working on the assumption that sales and sales only can make money. Companies adopting this attitude have come under scrutiny, due to the actions of over-zealous salesmen who will stop at nothing to get a sale – you are probably familiar with the phrase â€Å"never trust a salesman†. This way of doing business is no longer acceptable as it has become apparent that in order to sell something, someone must want to buy it. The old style of â€Å"conning† the customer into buying goods whether they need them or not, purely to ensure a sale, is now shunned by most industries. A marketing orientated company is a customer orientated company. They take into account customer requirements and focus on them. Communication between a company and their customers is essential to ensure the success of any marketing method. Market research is used to identify specific requirements of both existing and potential customers. Satisfied customers are loyal customers who will inevitably create repeat business as well as providing free word-of-mouth advertising. This would undoubtedly result in increased profits. A production orientated company will focus purely on the production of their product. A company who cares enough about their ability to produce goods of only the highest quality possible must be admired for their dedication. However, dedication does not necessarily guarantee profit, and without profit, a company could easily fold. Although a similar concept to the one of the production orientated company (above), the product orientated company focuses on the product itself. The aim is to make the best product possible. Research and development is usually involved in the process, ensuring that there is a substantial demand for the product. It is hoped that a company will end up with a high quality product that will sell. The marketing mix consists of various factors that a company can mix to determine of there is a match between the needs of the customer and what the company currently offers them. There are four main elements of the marketing mix – Defining the characteristics of the product to meet customer requirements e.g. introducing optional features with a product that are not standard or providing an additional warranty that may not be deemed necessary in law, i.e. providing more than legally necessary with regard to the product. An important element of the marketing mix, the price places a value on the product. It is possible for the buyer and the seller to compare this price to that of competing products. It is then possible to alter the customer's perception of the value by offering additional elements such as cash trade discounts, credit facilities and easy payment terms. From the marketing point of view, the price is the ultimate way of calculating profit. Another word for distribution of the product. The product must be easily available to the customer in order for it to sell well. There are various channels in which a product can be distributed. For example, TJ600 would probably choose to distribute their goods by way of a supplier, but they could also introduce a direct mail order service to increase sales. In deciding which methods to use, you must first consider who your potential customers are and where they are likely to shop for these products. Although part of the marketing mix, promotion consists of four elements of its own called the â€Å"Promotion Mix†. These are – Advertising – paid presentations such as television advertising, newspapers and posters fliers etc Public Relations – the launch of a new product and the ways it can be promoted to the trade and consumer press Personal Selling – a method of promoting sales by means of oral communication. This can be either face to face or over the telephone. Sales Promotion – a way of enhancing consumer purchasing. This usually consists of displays, shows and exhibitions. Market Research is used to identify not only customer requirements but to identify any marketing problems that the company may be experiencing. Planning is extremely important when compiling the data to be used in the market research. In order for the results to be accurate, the questions asked must be relevant. This will involve discussions with marketing management and on occasion, outside consultants. Research can be used to improve any element of the product (detailed in the marketing mix). When considering any form of market research, it is important that any external factors affecting the results are considered. These are commonly known as PEST: Political – any new legislation that may affect the product Economic – unemployment rates, spending power of the consumer Social – environmental issues that may affect the product Technological – introduction of new technology that may affect the company Once a decision has been reached regarding the purpose and content of the research, it is necessary to determine the best way of getting a response. There are numerous ways of conducting market research, including postal surveys, telephone surveys and face to face interviews. The best response rate, however, tends to be with face to face interviews (usually questionnaires), due to the fact that an immediate response is given by the interviewee. It is vital that once data has been collected that it is carefully reviewed, in order to interpret the information given as a result of the research. Additional research may be carried out if the data shows that there is another area that can be improved upon. In order for a company to go forward in business, they must set objectives goals. These usually form questions relating to the business, such as: For example, the organisational goals of TJ600 may be to: Expand product range & distribution These objectives are usually made at a strategic level – in this case the managing director would be responsible for setting the objectives. It is reasonable to assume that TJ600 are aware of their position in the manufacturing business, due to the fact that they have been successful for 20 years. The goals detailed above give an idea of where the company would like to be in the future. All that is left is to figure out how to get there and it is at this point that marketing plays its role. Outlined below are ways that marketing could help achieve the aforementioned goals: In order to retain customer loyalty, it is important that the customer is satisfied with the product they currently buy. Market research is extremely useful in identifying customer needs and to establish whether or not they are completely satisfied with the product. It is at this point that elements of the marketing mix can be used to alter certain characteristics of an existing product e.g. if market research was to show that existing customers were basically satisfied with a product supplied by TJ600, but would welcome more after sales service, then management would want to look at the product element of the marketing mix. It is possible from there to ascertain whether extended warranties etc would be viable to the business with regards to cost effectiveness i.e. would additional staff be required? Again, market research is useful to determine whether there is a market for expansion of a certain product or expansion of an existing product to another country. Past and present success of a company cannot be taken as a guarantee for the future. Many large companies invest in regular market research to ensure that they stay one step ahead of their competitors. Although TJ600 has had continuing success in the past, it would be rather arrogant to expect the same success in the future. Expansion is a good way of improving on something that is already popular and offering the customer more choice at the same time. In today's business world, it is inevitable that at one point someone will offer customers an improvement on their current product. Investing in market research will help to ensure that, if a product would benefit from expansion, then you will be first to do it. Once a company has established their organisational goals and the marketing methods that they are going to use to achieve them, they must ensure that they have the co-operation of every department. Communication plays a vital part in marketing to ensure that the changes are implemented with maximum effect. For example, using the organisational goals detailed previously for TJ600, it would not be possible to make changes to the product range by consulting only the production department. Outlined below are the roles that other business functions would play in marketing: The finance department is usually responsible for setting annual budgets for the whole of the company and expects other departments to adhere to them. They are also responsible for setting time limits on credit facilities and these sometimes tend to be shorter than the customer would like. Communication between the finance department and marketing could look to improve credit terms if required and may allow room for compromise if a certain department required more money. It is the responsibility of the finance department to ensure that the company makes a profit and they may not be keen to spend more money or wait longer for customers to pay. This is where communication plays an important role; if it is explained from a marketing point of view that these additional costs would result in a higher market share or increased sales, then the finance department would realise that this would lead to increased profits. The production department is unlikely to welcome the idea of modifications or improvements to the product. They tend to work in long production runs and like to keep things as standard as possible. Communication between marketing and the production department may help them understand the need for improvements to a certain product – it may be that improvements are necessary in order for them to stay ahead of competitors in the same market. It is vital to the smooth running of any organisation that the right people are employed for the right jobs e.g. marketing may have highlighted the need for customised orders to be introduced, which in turn would mean that staff are required to work more flexible hours. It is the responsibility of the personnel department to ensure that the company has adequate staff to meet these requirements.

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Statement Example Due to my keen interest in the world of supplies, demands, distribution, revenue, profit and customer satisfaction, the field I would like to choose for my major is economics. After sensitive calculations and critical working, I took initiative to start off with my own â€Å"mini business†. I perceived it as a business that would not only be beneficial for students but would also allow me to earn a good deal of experience in the practical world alongside the profit. By assigning target goals and dividing the entire process into the stages of ‘plan’, ‘purchase’, ‘sell’ and ‘generate revenue’, I was able to keep the business simple yet effective. The plan included listing the items that were in demand and researching the availability of whole-sale vendors who could provide the required products. These items were then sold at a reasonable profit, which was later utilized for further betterment of the business. In the ‘reve nue generation’ stage of my business venture, I calculated the amount of time, energy and fuel consumption while commuting to the wholesale market and finally completing the purchase. With this data, I calculated a reasonable profit that was to be earned from the business. ... uced a new well-equipped market within the campus, while I ended the business and decided to focus on the final months of studying for my high school. From what I have learnt through my experience, I believe that I can benefit the community in better ways by further understanding the concepts of economics, which will possibly provide a solution to the world’s derailing economies. By studying subject matters such as meeting demands and supplies, converting loss into profits, benefiting human kind and sustaining global economies, I will be able to contribute to the field of economics and the community. Prompt 2 After discussions with my father that lasted for hours, I was forced to admit the fact that my twenty years of life have not really been much of a success. Before I had joined Community College, the grades that I had obtained were not up to the mark. Due to my father’s motivation and support, I had always wanted to set an example, not only for my dad but also for m y children in future. It cannot be ignored that I had gained exceptional business experience at a very young age but I realized that despite starting off as an entrepreneur and managing it well, there were many concepts I still had to grasp. I believe that the best possible way to be introduced to these concepts would be to undertake a university major in economics. At the beginning of my high-school years, I was introduced to a poem by Robert Frost, titled â€Å"And miles to go before I sleep†. This poem inspired a great sense of motivation within me and continually makes me believe that there is always a lot more that life has to offer. Since I was determined in what I believed, I took an oath to bring about a change. As I resumed my studies in the Community College, I worked hard day and night. My

A research about Moses Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A about Moses - Research Paper Example Baby Moses was found by Pharaoh’s daughter who brought him and raised him in the palace. She named him Moses saying: â€Å"Because I drew him out of the water.† 1 When he grew up, he started helping his brethren until one day when an Egyptian was killed by his hand as he was beating an innocent Hebrew. Fearing the punishment, he slipped away and lived in desert for forty years until God called upon him. During his stay in the desert, he worked for a man named Jethro, helped him looking after his herd, later, he was married to Jethro’s daughter.2 God Calls Upon Moses. It has been stated in the Bible that God appeared in the form of a burning bush in front of Moses. â€Å"But concerning the dead, that they rise, have you not read in the book of Moses, in the burning bush passage, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?† 3 God instructed Moses to go to the Pharaoh and convince him to let th e people live in harmony and to let them move to the land of Canaanites and Hittites, which is the land of flowing milk and honey and the land of prosperity and happiness. He then told him that if he does not agree God will strike Egypt with all his wonders. Moses was gifted a few miracles by God which included the following: Miracles bestowed on Moses God tells Moses to grab the rod that he was carrying and drop it to the ground. The rod turned into a snake. Then, He tells Moses to pick it up from his tail, the snake transformed into the rod again. And He said, â€Å"Cast it on the ground.† So he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent; and Moses fled from it.4 God instructed Moses to put his hand into his bosom which miraculously turned into snow. He then told Moses to place his hand again to his bosom; the hand was back to the original condition. Despite of these miracles Moses questioned God again if he was the right person to be called upon for the people as he fo und himself not fluent enough in speech. â€Å"But Moses said to God, â€Å"Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the children of Israel out of Egypt?† 5 Moses was still perplexed if he was the right person for such a great task. God then ordered him to take his brother Aaron with him who will help him in calling upon the people of Egypt. God says: And God said to Moses, â€Å"I AM WHO I AM.† And He said, â€Å"Thus you shall say to the children of Israel, ‘I AM has sent me to you.’† 6 God’s Strike: the ten plagues in Egypt The Bible says Moses was 80 years old when he went into Egypt. When they appeared in front of the Pharaoh and asked him to let the people go and live in tranquility. â€Å"Afterward Moses and Aaron went in and told Pharaoh, â€Å"Thus says the LORD God of Israel: ‘Let My people go, that they may hold a feast to Me in the wilderness.’†7 On refusal, Aaron dropped the rod of Moses in front of the Pharaoh which then turned into a snake. However, the magicians of Pharaoh did the same. God then showed his power by ordering the snake from Moses’ rod to demolish all other snakes formed by the vicious magicians and sorcerers. Pharaoh refused again to let the children of Israel go which resulted in God’s fury and He strike Egypt with ten different plagues.8 1. Water turned into blood 2. Swarming frogs 3.

Globalization & the World's Poor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization & the World's Poor - Essay Example Developments in technology and policies over the past few decades have acted to be the catalyst in cross border trade and investment. The current wave of globalization opened up the domestic economies internationally. In the periods after the Second World War the governments of most countries adopted the free economic systems to be the driver of the economy. The free economic regime increased the potential of the states and created new opportunities for trade and investment. With the aim to promote trade and development the government negotiated in reducing the barriers of trade while the new corporations exploited the new opportunities in foreign market by moving into agreements. The economic life was transformed with advances in the field of technology. The definition of globalization has remained controversial. The proponents of globalization argue that the process will enable the poor countries to improve the standards of living while the critics argue that globalization only ben efitted the large corporations and eliminated local enterprises out of the market scenario. The resistance of globalization has been from all levels and the government are now engaging themselves in regulating the flow of capital and goods that constitute the wave of globalization. ... It was thought globalization will bring about an overall welfare for the society. So the society as a whole was supposed to reap the benefits. But after the years of implementation it was founds that the benefits are getting directed towards the developed countries and the less developed countries are remaining under the shadows of darkness. Some argues that multinational corporations enjoy the power over the economies of the world. But it can be argued that it is not the companies that take the advantages. It is the well developed nations that exploit the poorer counterparts through international networking communities. On a cyclical note it can be said that globalization deters protectionism by opening up the borders which facilitate easy flow of ideas and products. Globalization increases the opportunity for self interests and in this fashion pursues the interests of the first world countries with the expense of the third world countries. Therefore globalization acts to cheat the world’s poor. The financial press and the influential officials of the international authorities assert that the global markets expand the dimensions of the poor while the critics hold the opposite position with equal intensity. In the period between 1980 to 2000 the percentage in trade in goods as well as services in China increased from 23% to 46% of GDP. In the case of India, The percentage ranged from 19 to 30% over the same period. The development of the nations created some opportunities for the nations to utilize. But some nations lacked the capability to utilize the situation as there did not have the required political and domestic situation. The idea of free trade rests on the notion that nations should involve themselves in exporting those products in

Finding meaning in Dorianne Laux's Dust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Finding meaning in Dorianne Laux's Dust - Essay Example Hence, in association with the feeling afore mentioned, we will discuss the use of image of God to represent the poet’s inner muse, how the poet state the functioning of human’s mind and lastly the human nature of closing eyes to the truth and opportunities of life. There are numerous poets who use the imagery, specifically of God to imply certain angles of life and so is the case with Laux’s ‘Dust. She in her third last line â€Å"God comes to your window† uses the word God to portray the inner inspiration of hers. It is not God that she is talking about, but the muse that people have within themselves, but choose to ignore it as a result of being maybe unsuccessful in you previous days, conformity or just laziness. Furthermore, people might don’t agree with a specific content of religion such as sin, rewards, punishment, fate or destiny, but the word God does attract a large number of reader and audience as it can be also used in context of culture. Moving to the next idea that is the functioning of human’s mind, in the whole poem Laux has clearly indicated that the functioning of a human mind is very complex and obtrusive. She illustrates through the first few lines of her poem â€Å"Someone spoke to me last night, told me the truth. But I recognized it† tells us that there are moment in an human’s life that they are provided with the truth and it’s that truth which they know relates to them, and for which they try to search for their whole life, but the next phrases implies that when they are in hold of that reality, they do nothing of it. Furthermore, the poem also indicates that during the hardships of life, people usually forget what the truth and reality had been about even if they recognize it. They just remember that there is truth for them or a reality concerning them, but they don’t remember the essence of it. The last idea connects to the previous one and outlines an intriguing nature of human

Discuss how two authers use language to extend their meaning Essay

Discuss how two authers use language to extend their meaning - Essay Example Melville's "Bartleby the Scrivener, A Tale of Wall Street" tells the story of a man called Bartleby, who develops a passive resistance to his employer. The employer feels it so difficult to cope with his employee's decision to disobey his master's orders. The tragedy arises from Bartleby's reluctance and inability to find out the reasons for his passive rebellion, and the employer's failure to understand and accommodate the reasons for Bartleby's resistance. Critics have given numerous interpretations for this work. Some have tried to interpret this work as a criticism of the psychological effects of capitalism in its 1850s form. Other critics argued that it is a parable of human condition in general. Any way the modern readership of the story is largely due to its capability to generate various interpretations. These various interpretations happen due to the numerous meanings that the words can bring to the readers. This can be done most perfectly by introducing an unreliable narrator. The narrator in Melville's story, the lawyer serves this purpose beautifully. Many critics remarked about Melville's use of this unreliable narrator. Lawyer himself admits that he is a man of assumptions, and his prejudice prevents him, in many occasions, to give the accurate details of the events. After some initial events, like the lawyer's description of Turkey's unpredictable behavior, it is clear for the reader that they need to interpret everything that the narrator tells. This gives a wide opportunity and scope for the readers. The narrator's final statement, "Ah Bartleby! Ah humanity" (Melville 2006), is considered as the most controversial statement in the story. Some traditional critics interpreted it as the statement of a fraud, who fails to measure Bartleby's essence or a sensitive penetration of a sensible man to the essentiality of meaning. These contrasting definitions points out to the language of Melville, which gives numerous interpretations to the readers. When referring to Moby-Dick, James Guetti has opined that Melville's language is "pervasive, special and artificial kinds of languageserve to draw our attention to the limitations of such language" (Guetti 1967). As in The Metamorphosis, a metamorphosis is seen through out the story is the case of language. This linguistic metamorphosis suggests the change of lawyer's attitude towards Bartleby at the very crucial juncture when Bartleby's passivity becomes a threat to the professionalism of the lawyer. At this point, the language of the lawyer to describe Bartleby becomes stronger than before. Now "apparition", or a harmless ghost changes to "incubus", or an usurper. (Melville 2006). There are many symbols that Melville used in the story, which turns out to be motifs rather than symbols. One such symbolism is the finding of the narrator that Bartley has earlier worked with the dead-letter office: "Dead letters! does it sound like dead man" (Melville 2006). The dead letters have many symbolisms. It acts as a metaphor of hard work and toil of the then emerging middle-class. Wall is another recurrent symbol used in the story. The office room, located at Wall Street, has walls outside when viewed through all the windows. Bartleby has a habit of staring blankly at the walls. The wall is a symbol for the psychological imprisonment of Bartleby. These symbols of failed communication represent

CONTEMPORARY CASES IN PUBLIC POLICY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

CONTEMPORARY CASES IN PUBLIC POLICY - Essay Example The assumption is based on the argument that all industrially developed countries largely depend on immigrants to meet their workforce needs. However, many people argue that growing immigrant population has been stealing a notable percent of Americans’ jobs and this situation would adversely affect the overall economic development of the country in the long run unless the immigration policy is well revised. Considering all changes in the economic profile of the country and the challenges facing the conservative business models, innovative thoughts in this regards are of prime importance now. Policy change efforts in this regard should focus on illegal immigration also as one of the most potential issues today in the American political economy. The Problem & Evidences Immigration policy has been a bone of contention in the U.S political economy for decades. However, policy makers tend to converge at the point that in order to curb illegal immigration and to ensure border securi ty, top foreign talent has to be invited to the country. The recent developments in policy formulations indicate that visa application process have been made more technical to address undocumented immigrants. Some statistics will reveal the intensity of illegal immigration as a potential issue. ... According to the report of FAIR (2005), every year 730,000 American workers get replaced by illegal immigrants, and this causes a loss of $ 4.3 billion a year. All these indicate the need for some policy reforms. As a recent development, an enforcement-heavy approach and Secure Communities Programs have been initiated under the Obama administration. As part of the enforcement approach, the U.S has increased the number of Border Patrol Agents more than ever before. The Secure Communities Program entitles local authorities to collect and share fingerprints and other sensitive information with the Immigration Customs and Enforcement (ICE) agency to check the candidates’ criminal records and status to seek possibility for expulsion. Admittedly, many of such reforms have evoked wider criticism from all sides. In addition, many are against the social services offered to the illegal immigrants on the basis of amnesty. The first and foremost problem according to them is that offering social services will attract more and more illegal immigrants into the nation thus weakening the already collapsed American employment sector. According to one study, the benefits enjoyed by illegal immigrants from the federal government far outweigh their contributions to the society; and the contribution from the illegal immigrants comes mainly in the form of payroll taxes, which is about $ 7 billion in a year (Camarota 2004). However, it is found that the benefits enjoyed by the illegal immigrants in the form of â€Å"Medicaid use, treatment for the uninsured, and participation in food assistance programs† amount to about 17.4 billion dollars (Ibid). However, opponents argue that these immigrants often do works for lower wages, and a considerable proportion is

Poetry essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry question - Essay Example Dickinson uses an almost soothing tone along these lines to signify how well the speaker acknowledges the coming and the full presence of ‘Death’ which, in this case, is depicted as no longer an element of fright or disturbing apprehension. So instead of being terrified as of a sudden occurrence, she welcomes ‘Death’ to the point of admiration and respect through the last three lines of the second stanza. ‘Gazing Grain’ and ‘Setting Sun’ are terms used to indicate the inevitable stages of human life which the speaker experiences herself from early childhood until old age and the allegory of the ‘House’ described by the speaker as ‘A Swelling of the Ground’ is in figurative reference to the ‘grave’ implying however a sense of familiarity. By considering ‘House’ to mean ‘grave’, the poet likely shifts or radiates the positive significance of ‘home’ and its c omfort and sign of life than a burial place. Other than ground swelling, she does not even make mention of decay or any term close to pertain to loss or deterioration which the literal ‘Death’ characterizes since the speaker plans to conclude her union with ‘Death’ as progressive with ‘Tis centuries’ and the phrase ‘toward Eternity’. ... audience to understand that instead of a tragedy, it is something familiar or someone who merely takes another by the hand for a light travel, as though ‘death’ is that course of nature that any person must readily acknowledge as it only intends to accompany one in a long journey to a dimension not quite far from the mundane encounters of everyday. By way of the attitude, sound, and structure that constitute the substance of the literary piece, a reader may find oneself dissolving a former perspective of death to entertain a favorable thought that it is not actually dreadful. I suppose Dickinson would have at the time anticipated such response of ‘change in view of death’ because she should know herself what ‘death’ is in every man’s common knowledge and perception. It is as if the creation of the work â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† is a challenge for a reading individual to observe his or her faith in the beauty of life through an insight of death as well as the degree of persuasion one may yield to in attempting to see death in a whole new enlightening aspect. ‘Because I Could Not Stop for Death’ bears much semblance to the theme established in the poem â€Å"Tell all the Truth but tell it slant† where Dickinson necessitates the need for capitalization in order to illustrate the essence of the manner by which truth ought to be communicated. One may recognize her intention of doing this to specifically lead the reader to the remarkable aspect of stressing paired terms that should register the key ideas to understanding the concept of ‘Truth’. Like the treatment given to the understanding of ‘death’, if the ‘Truth’ be ever told, it must be gradually carried out so as not to severely overwhelm the seeker or whoever obtains its

Design for the project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Design for the project - Essay Example It is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the classes of the system, their attributes,   methods, and the relationships among objects. They describe the object and information structures used by an application, both internally and in communication with its users.It is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the classes of the system, their attributes,   methods, and the relationships among objects. They describe the object and information structures used by an application. (i) It helps to organize the project for everyone to identify the project overall theme and then the interlocking parts of research or activities that relate to the overall theme.If it is a demonstration project then one identifies the different sections of the demonstration and how they go together and the most important parts.A data dictionary refers to the descriptions of data items in a database.  In developi ng programs that employ the use of a data model, a data dictionary shall often be consulted to point out where a data item fits in the structure, its values and what it means in the real world.Why it is Used.(i) It is an important fundamental since it illustrates all the entities and their properties in a data model.(ii) It aids in the implementation of a database because of entities. (iii) It reduces data redundancy. The data dictionary also allows controlling the addition of new data elements and thereby avoiding duplicates.

Automobile design Essay Example for Free

Automobile design Essay STATEMENT OF PURPOSE â€Å"Education is the manifestation of the perfection already in man†. -Swami Vivekananda I strongly believe that perfection is already in man, inherent in his heart and soul and education is the medium through which we are able to manifest that perfection. This century can be credited with having given birth too many ideas, visions, way of living and working. It can be credited with almost as many revelations of thoughts and practices. The world is ever changing. An ambition to be a part of and to contribute to this fact changing process, a perpetual urge to learn quest, a profound desire to translate conception into reality made me opportunity for a Graduate program at your prestigious university. It has been my deepest desire to be a part of this rapid burgeoning community. With due reverence to the department and University, I pen down this Statement of purpose. In this ever changing world of Engineering and Technology, passing day makes them obsolete, I want to attain the highest level of education and transcend new scope for research in Mechanical Engineering. This has always fascinated me and I am keen to continue my academic pursuit in this field. I have always cherished a dream to become an Engineer, a dream that was innate and developed slowly over the years. Right from my school days I grew, my interest and ability were inclined towards the physical nature of the universe. Science unraveled many a mystery for me. Math’s challenged me and gave me joy. Learning itself became a key to my life. My tryst with Automobile’s began during my childhood days when I had a great interest in Racing Sport and Cars. The idea of controlling a car has always been very thrilling and invigorating I remembered being hooked to the television, watching in amazement, an array of open wheeled cars circulates the track in a staggering fashion. Moreover, reading pertinent journals and magazines has helped me stay up-to-date with the recent advances in this fast-moving field. I always enjoyed analyzing and understanding the working of Automobiles, starting from experimenting on my toys to fixing my bike. It was then that I aspired to enter into this intriguing branch of Mechanical engineering and make my mark on the Automobile Industry. I would like to have a glance at my academic career which imbibed me potential to perform well and made me a commodious person. I did my schooling in the idyllic atmosphere  of which I gradually flourished as a versatile person where I got my first leap by scoring 75% in tenth standard. I scored 87 marks in mathematics and 82 in science; with this motivation I pursued Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry as my major course in Intermediatewhere from, I secured 73.1% in higher secondary exam. The competitive spirit within me acted as a catalyst in all my academics successes. Pursuing Engineerin g as my future was a natural consequence because of my undergraduate studies in Mechanical Engineering. I have benefited from the breadth of College of Engineering Research, affiliated to the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University one of the most prestigious university in India. The day of my undergraduate study helped me to get sound knowledge and a firm grasps over the principles underlying the course, which gave me an edge above other students. I excelled it with first class with distinction with an aggregate of 74.32%. The undergraduate study has given me a comprehensive exposure to a wide spectrum of courses in mechanical engineering namely, Strength of Materials, Design of Machine Members 12, Kinematics of Machinery, Thermodynamics, Finite Element Analysis, Mechanics of Solids, Robotics, Computer aided Design/Computer aided Manufacturing etc. I strongly believe in â€Å"learning by doing†. It is the hope of coming up with path breaking results streaked with an element of uncertainty that makes experimental result extremely fascinating. I went beyond the four walls of the classroom, during my undergraduate course, I visited many industries in which I underwent five week technical training at Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), is a Department of Atomic Energy on the study of Manufacturing Extrusion Die on CNC Lathe Machine which includes it’s casting to final Product in plant and other applications. Later I had undergone industrial visit at Vizag Steel Plant popularly known as Vizag Steel is the most advanced steel producer in India with the help of German and soviet technology where I have learnt the process of Manufacturing of steel from its coke to final product. This provides to be a very valuable experience as it provided me with an industry exposure and a chance to showcase my technical knowledge in an industry based environment. I wanted to get closer look at the application of Mechanical Engineering. I presented a good number of technical papers at the national level. The first competition I took part was a National level Paper Presentation event conducted by NIT Rourkela, as  a part of ‘INNOVATION 2011’ and I got Merit Certification. Then I participated in a ROBOTIC Work shop held at Kakatiya University, Warangal and I presented paper on ‘Solar Hybrid Vehicle’ at VNR Vignan Jyothi and received a merit certification. And I have also participated as a Volunteer in a prestigious Social Activity like ’Hyderabad Literary Festival’ held in January 2014. I have organized many technical and cultural events. All this extra-curricular activities have made me social accomplished with self-confidence, communicating skills, leadership qualities and team spirit. My major contribution towards research, leading the team in an academic oriented research main project â€Å"Dynamic Analysis of Composite Propeller of Ship Using FEM† The project deals with modeling and analyzing the propeller blade by using ’Ca rbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic’ materials, to reduce the Vibrations Noise in the Propeller. This requires high end Modeling software’s. The Solid model is developed in CATIA V5 R19, Tetrahedral mesh is generated in HYPER MESH and Static Modal Analysis is done in ANSYS. The Analysis results showed that the natural frequencies of composite propeller were more than aluminum propeller, which indicates that the operation range of frequency is higher for composite materials. My role in this project as a team leader was to provide the basic functionality which deals with Modeling and analyzing was handled by my team mates along with my participation. The success of this project made me thirst in quest for a research in Design for Manufacturing, Advanced Material Technology and Design Development which is the front and backend of my application. It has long been my ambition to pursue my studies in Automotive Engineering and to do it from a country like Germany will be a golden opportunity of my life. I know that Germany has got good reputation for higher education around the world. Its automotive industry is among the top manufacturers in the world with famous BMW and Mercedes as the leading success story of quality, modernity and comfort in automobiles. One final honest to goodness thought I have to admit in conclusion, I feel I would like to give back society all valuable and technical skills that I will be gaining from your university I am confident that graduate study in your department, which is already at the cutting edge, would provide me an excellent opportunity to reach my goal. Diverse background of students, distinguished faculty and research facilities at the institute will also help me to expand my horizons.

The Tragedy Of Machismo Media Essay

The Tragedy Of Machismo Media Essay The tragedy of machismo is that a man is never quite man enough. (Greer, 1987) This is a quote that could serve as a metaphor to describe how man can never be as ideal as portrayed by advertisements. The modern portrayal of men in advertisements is the one in which they all appear to be ultra masculine, and researches have shown these images to have a negative impact on the self-esteem of men, especially boys and young men (Constructed bodies, deconstructing ads: Sexism in advertising, para 2). This could be explained by the fact that men is trying to pursue the norm, of which they should be ultra masculine, leaving them under excessive emotional stress as they try to model after these stereotypically male attributes; or for some, especially feminine and androgynous men, to simply stay relevant within their social circle and essentially, the society-as discussed in Is the Malboro man the only alternative? The role of gender identity and self-construal salience in evaluations of male models. (Gnoth and Brett, 2009) The objectification of woman by modern advertising has been debated upon for many years since the start of the post-feminist era as women slowly gain their foot power in the society. As far as the apparent diminishment of advertising campaigns targeted to promote product services through the use of womens sexual appeal goes, there has also been a significant increase in the objectification of men in advertising. Unlike women who are shown as being excessively thin, men are shown as being over muscular and athletic. A 2002 study by the University of Wisconsin suggests that this new focus on fit and muscled male bodies is causing men the same anxiety and personal insecurity that women have been feeling for years. (Masculinity and Advertising, 2010) In the United Kingdom, one of the very worrying causes of death among men is suicide, which stands at a proportion of 1 out of 100 deaths. It is postulated by Mulholland (2010) that depression is one of the main causes of suicide, which main cause is poor self-esteem. Self-esteem is a concept that can only be measured by self-report. (Frost and McKelvie, 2004) It is measured by how much people value themselves and how worthy they feel their beings are. Poor self-esteem, therefore, occurs in people whose self-values or self-priorities are not met. So, where do these values and priorities come about? Why is value placed on certain things as opposed to other things? Several reasons that could have influenced how and what values and priorities people, mainly men, are adopted come to mind: Advertisements, social and cultural trends and the perception of men by the opposite sex. All factors: Advertisements, social and cultural trends and womens perception of men should be considered equally and not be discounted in any way. Hence, this paper shall seek to prove that the extent to which that modern advertising is negatively affecting mens self esteem is larger than the other factors. Advertisements vs Womens Perception of Men A quote by Ray Lewis, a professional football player featured in a viral television commercial for Old Spice, from the television commercial Old Spice | The Man Your Man Could Smell Like goes: Hello, ladies, look at your man, now back to me, now back at your man, now back to me. Sadly, he isnt me, but if he stopped using ladies scented body wash and switched to Old Spice, he could smell like hes me. This particular television commercial (Old Spice | The Man Your Man Could Smell Like, 2010) was posted onto YouTube, a video sharing website, and has garnered almost 31 million views, 37 thousand comments, 114 video responses and umpteen reposts by other YouTube channels since its release in February, 2010. These staggering figures were also reflected in their sales figure: a 106% increase in sales (Old Spice Campaign Smells Like a Sales Success, Too, 2010) within 4 months of the start of the marketing campaign, Smell Like A Man, Man. The videos in this campaign, which seem to be targeted mostly at women, all feature a hunky man promoting the Old Spice products while reading a script which humorously brings across the point that no man is like him; no man can ever be like him; and the closest you can get to be like him is to smell like him. Judging by the fact that Old Spice had chosen women as the main target audience for their marketing campaignwhich they should have done extensive research to determineit can be inferred that womens perception of men, or particularly her man, has great power in deeply affecting men, influencing them in their decision making; in this context, the kind of smell they use. This inference can also be further proven by the actual increase in sales of the Old Spice products. However, to conclude that it is actually the womens perception of men that is affecting how men view themselves is a very narrow-minded act because the images displayed explicitly to the public through the form of advertisements are what are influencing womens perception of men. Hence, it can be concluded that advertising is and takes precedence and relevance over womens perception of men in lowering mens self-esteem. Next, this paper will explore this question: Is modern advertising following social and cultural trends, or is it going ahead of them? Advertisements vs Social/Cultural Trends Advertisements have always been known to be able to cause an impact, fulfilling their purpose to influence, urge and compel the public to purchase or engage the goods and services they are endorsing. In this context, it is no doubt that by doing so, they are also influencing the way people think about which are popular products or services and which are not, albeit subconsciously. However, what are the things that inspire advertisers in the way they advertise their products? Do they safely follow social conventions or do they actually set the standards? While it is easy to argue that since the sole purpose of advertisements is to persuade people to buy or engage goods and services, advertisements must surely conform to social standards; however, the possibility of it happening in reverse also deserves consideration. The following example presents evidence that supports the statement that advertising does go ahead of social trends; however isolated an example it is. In an interview conducted by CNN with Donatella Versace (Donatella Versace, CNN Interview, Part 1/3, 2009), designer for fashion powerhouse, Versace, it was mentioned that Versace was the first ever luxury brand to have entered China. Before 1979, the year China introduced Versace into its market, the idea of a luxurious lifestyle was not widespread, partly due to the then still low living standards. However, over the years, it was the upbeat advertising of the luxury goods lifestyle that started the notion of living life luxuriously. Since then, China has surpassed the United States of America to become the second-largest luxury market in 2009 (Luxury Brands in China, 2010). China is also set to become the second largest consumer of luxury by 2015 (China Luxury, 2007). The above-discussed point has proven that advertising and social trends both influence each other in a way or another. They are also factors that have in one way or another negatively affected mens self esteem. However, if we were to consider the extent to which has more direct effect on lowering mens self esteem, it will be advertising, since the visual representation in the form of images is straightforward and clear, unlike social trends, which sometimes can be unobvious, leading men to be oblivious about their existence. The Importance of Context When discussing the effect that modern advertising has on mens self-esteem, the context of the circumstances also has to be considered in depth. Across time and space, the set of priorities of men changes and is different. Therefore, we can assert that advertisements may not actually affect mens self-esteem as images portrayed by advertisements at a present time or place may not be what they desire to emulate or copy. For example, in the early to mid 20th century China, value might be put on people who had good martial arts skills because in those days, that was one of the few things people associate success with. However, nowadays, value seems to be put on wealthy people with social stature because of the change in what people associate success with-from life skills, or skills in general, to economic wealth. In addition, since martial arts originated from Asia, Westerners may lack familiarity to it and find it hard to relate to it, even though they are living in the same era. Hence, if an advertisement featuring a martial arts master were to be shown to the men of today, the effect of this advertisement on their self-esteem might actually be minimal to none. It might be true that the context in which advertisements are being displayed for public view and what they are actually about might not be applicable to some people due to the differences in each individuals set of values and priorities, but without factoring in external factors such as globalization, it will be unfair to come to the conclusion that advertisements have little to do with the lowering of self-esteem of men. With globalization, and the rise of computers and the Internet, the myriad of pages, websites and even programs are tools that have been connecting people, communities and even nations together. The exposure to advertisements online is abundant since usually, one of the key revenues for web and program developers is the endorsement of products through advertisements on their web pages and programs. The convenience and high accessibility of the Internet has enabled companies to broaden their customer market, and in the same way also helped expose people to a huge and limitless array of advertisements. Under the influence of these advertisements, which include references from both the present, past, and also all around the world, people start to learn more about the cultures of others, past and present. By accumulating more real world knowledge over time, advertisements will now be more relatable and relevant. Hence, advertising will, again, present the risks of lowering mens self este em. Conclusion All in all, although the social and cultural trends and also factors such as the womens perception of men have in a way or another contributed to the negative change in the way men view themselves, they are in fact caused by the extensive exposure to advertisements that have been making use of the objectification of men to sell their goods and services. Therefore, it is with huge certainty that I conclude that advertisements is to a large extent the main cause of the decreasing self-esteem of men.

Frankfurt Schools Contribution To Popular Culture Cultural Studies Essay

Frankfurt Schools Contribution To Popular Culture Cultural Studies Essay The idea that culture is mass produced came from two German academics named Theodore Adorno and Max Horkheimer. These two intellectuals, who would later begin a cultural enquiry, were members of The Frankfurt School. This institute was established in 1923 and consisted of many other German left-winged intellectuals. It was very much interested in the ideas of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud and therefore endeavoured to study the emergence of capitalist societies through the exploration of Marxism and psychoanalysis. This is what The Frankfurt School referred to as critical theory. The Frankfurt School, Adorno and Horkheimer in particular, were interested in studying popular culture and the mass production of cultural artefacts which they later referred to as the culture industry. In order to explore The Frankfurt Schools contribution to our understanding of popular culture, firstly we need to ask; what is culture? The word culture suggests a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period or a group. (Storey, 2006.1) It can also refer to the works and practices of intellectual and especially artistic activities. (Storey, 2006.1) The word cultivate was used to refer to the cultivation of land but now it can refer to the cultivation of the mind. Culture plays an important part in how human societies communicate with each other and how the new technological developments which contribute to this create a new type of culture known as popular culture. An obvious starting point in any attempt to define popular culture is to say that popular culture is simply culture which is widely favoured or well liked by many people. (Storey, 2006.4) Popular culture is centred on consumerism and is dominated by money; there is no part of popular culture that one doesnt have to pay for. Popular culture produces products known as commodities which have a use value and an exchange value. A commodity is only a commodity if it can be replaced by something else. Commodity fetishism was an idea that came out of popular culture. Capitalist organisations fetishize commodities and invest them with power that they do not really have. They discourage us from asking where the things we consume actually come from. These companies do not want us to think about this process. The idea that capitalist companies are manipulating the thoughts of the masses about what they consume and the great power that they have leads us to the term mass culture. In a mass culture, industrialised society there are no longer the same traditional values. The idea of an organic community no longer exists. The individual is left more and more to his or her own devices, has fewer and fewer communities or institutions in which to find identity or values by which to live, and has less and less idea of the morally appropriate ways to live.(Strinati, 2004.6) The Frankfurt School argue that the culture industry is killing the desire that might let us imagine a better world. They have an ideal notion of what human beings are capable of. The institute believes that we could never create a better world as long as we are part of this commodity culture. Adorno stated that the culture industry does not give the mass any responsibility for the culture that they are consuming, yet the masses are unaware of this which explains their passivity in accepting it. Although the culture industry undeniably speculates on the conscious and unconscious state of the millions towards which it is directed, the masses are not primary but secondary. . . The customer is not king, as the culture industry would have us believe, not its subject but its object. (Strinati, 2004.55) This point further emphasises the power that the culture industry has on the masses. With living in a culturally industrialised society comes conformity. Conformity replaces the consciousness of the masses according to The Frankfurt School. They believed that the masses are dependent on the culture industry and that the masses themselves are no longer producing culture. Through researching the works of The Frankfurt School, we can understand that the masses are oblivious to the mass controlled culture in which they live due to the face that everything is pseudo-individualised. Products that were being produced by the culture industry were all standardised. This meant that they all had certain characteristics that made them significantly similar. The Frankfurt School, Theodore Adorno in particular, realised that the industry knew that standardised products would sell and therefore they needed to be given a supposed uniqueness to provoke the masses to continue buying them. This was referred to as pseudo-individualism. The Frankfurt School stated that the culture industry created false needs in the pursuit of profit while ignoring the true needs of humans. According to The Frankfurt School the cultural industry and mass culture, . . . shapes the tastes and preferences of the masses, thereby moulding their consciousness by instilling the desire for false needs. (Strinati, 2004.55) They point out that the capitalist industries bring in a lot of profit through what they called waste production. They generated products that, in the opinion of The Frankfurt School, the masses did not need. Masses become so enthralled in the culture industry that their consciousness is overridden. The masses become too interested in the falsehoods that the industry has created and tend to forget about satisfying their true human needs. The school argues that it is due to all of this that the culture industry maintains its stability. With regards to true and false needs, Theodore Adorno once wrote, The indistinguishability of true and false needs is an essential part of the present phase one day it will be readily apparent that men do not need the trash provided them by the culture industry. (Adorno, Theodore W, The Culture Industry revisited at http://books.google.co.uk.p.156 accessed on 27/10/10) Another point that The Frankfurt School has highlighted to us in order to contribute to our understanding of popular culture is that a lot of culture is very homogeneous. They believed that all aspects of popular culture were generic and predictable. They could not fathom the fact that the masses were accepting this constant reproduction of the same thing. They believed that people should want something more; something different and challenging. The culture industry followed a formula. The reason for the formulaic structure of the industry and the way in which its products were produces was because it was successful. This particular formula and method of mass producing standardised products generated profit. When referring to this great power that the culture industry has, Adorno says, Today anyone who is incapable of talking in the prescribed fashion, that is of effortlessly reproducing the formulas, conventions and judgements of mass culture as if they were his own, is threatened in his very existence, suspected of being an idiot or an intellectual. (Adorno, 1991. 79) Critics of The Frankfurt School say that they do not appreciate just how diverse and hybrid popular culture is. They also say that The Frankfurt School invest too much power in the culture industry and that they consider capitalism as being more stable than it actually is. Critics believe that the culture industry has a lot more potential than The Frankfurt School gives it credit for. The term culture has been described by Richard Williams as, One of the two or three most complicated words in the English language. (Storey, 2006.1) Although some agree with this statement, The Frankfurt School has contributed greatly to our understanding of popular culture by highlighting how culture has become commercialised in the pursuit of profit. It points out to us that in a culturally industrialised society, no one thinks for themselves and that they consume this culture because it has been imposed onto them. The authenticity and traditional aspects of culture are no longer present and we can now come to the realisation that we will always live in a culture that is controlled by capitalism and consumerism. Everything that is presented to us, including the false needs that the industry provides is all in the interests of capital and profit. Our ability to understand how the culture industry works is aided greatly by the work of The Frankfurt School. References Storey, John (2006) Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction Strinati, Dominic (2004) An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture (Second Edition) Adorno, Theodore W (1991) The Culture Industry

Message in a Bottle :: essays papers

Message in a Bottle Rolling waves gently brushed upon the sand and nipped softly at my toes. I gazed out into the oblivion of blue hue that lay before me. I stared hopefully at sun-filled sky, but I couldn’t help but wonder how I was going to get through the day. Honestly, I never thought in a million years that my daughter and I would be homeless. Oh, how I yearned for our house in the suburbs. A pain wrenched at my heart when I was once reminded again of my beloved husband, Peter. I missed him so much and couldn’t help but ask God why he was taken from us. Living underneath Pier 14 was no life for Emily and me. I had to get us out of here and back on our feet. My stomach moaned angrily. I needed to somehow find food for us, but how? Suddenly, something slimy brushed up against my leg and pierced my thoughts. I jumped back and brushed the residue of sand of my legs. What was that? As my eyes skimmed the water in front of me, I noticed something spinning in the foam of the waves. Curi osity got the best of me and I went over to take a closer look. The object danced in the waves and eventually was coughed out onto the beach. â€Å"Emily!† I called to my eight-year-old daughter who was, at that time, infatuated with a seashell that she found earlier that day. â€Å"Come here and see this! Mommy found something.† Although I had no idea what that something was and I definitely didn’t know it would change my life forever. â€Å"What did you find, Mommy? Is it food?† Emily came running down from the pier to see my finding. â€Å"Oh honey,† I answered, sadly acknowledging my daughter’s hunger, â€Å" I wish it was. Actually, I’m not quite sure what it is. Help me clean it off, will you?† Emily and I began scrubbing the dilapidated, seaweed covered object in the warm waves of the Atlantic. â€Å"Wow, That’s not at all I expected.† I answered as I rolled an old bottle in the water. â€Å"At least we can get some money for this at the recycling center. Not much, but if we collect enough bottles we could get some lunch!† I looked hopelessly at the bottle.

history Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1790 a new nation was on the rise. With the help of the French, the people of the thirteen colonies of America had united together to defeat the greatest empire of the world. This was the shining moment of America. Freedom was theirs, and this is what they have been wanting since the pilgrims arrived almost two centuries before. They were now going to take on an even greater task then fighting the British: establishing a system of government that would be fair and that would be accepted throughout all of America. One thing the founding fathers knew they had to do was establish a document that would unite the states under one system of laws, so they would be a single country. The Articles of Confederation were too weak and could not meet the demands the country as whole needed, so they drafted a new constitution. This new constitution was a brilliant document that expressed how there is no true sovereign power because the power ultimately lies in the people. This document, created in the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, was to become the foundation for our country and is still the chief document that the America of today follows. Nevertheless, there were still some people opposed to this document. The Anti-federalists, as they were called, believed that if the constitution was enacted then the central government would become too powerful. They believed America would then become a tyrannical government, which is what America fought so hard to get away from. The anti-federalists said a bill of rights was needed to stop the national government from being tyrannical. It was clear that this country would need a bill of rights, so one of the main jobs of the first   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gaines 2 Congress was to create one. In 1789 twelve amendments were approved by congress and by the end of 1791 they had been ratified by the states and had become the Bill of Rights. They were the first ten amendments to the constitution, and they prevented a national government from ever becoming too powerful. These docum... ...told Washington that the list of prisoners from the rebellion had risen to about 150. Hamilton also informer Washington the rebels were no longer an assembled force, but some small parties not really causing much damage. The hype and rebellions slowly died down and on July 10, 1795 Washington issued a pardon to those who were imprisoned, but not yet sentenced. Also, Washington had already pardoned the two who were sentenced to death, and most of the people who were arrested were already acquitted because of a lack of evidence. Because of this event, the new Federal Government asserted its rights over the individual states, while also making the government more democratic and allowing the right of dissent without committing treason (Department of Treasury). The states were able to unify as one to overcome a challenge. This event showed that the constitution could indeed work, and that the national government must posses some power in order for the country to stay as a whole. This was just one obstacle that America would be faced with in its short history, but it showed that a government whose intent is truly for the people and by the people can survive and withstand any obstacles.

Volunteer Military Service

Volunteer Military Service The United States military is by far the most advance in the world. Our country is filled with passion and patriotic citizens who would give their lives for this country. The United States also has one of the largest militaries in the world with the highest trained soldiers on this planet. The United States military has a variety of special forces soldiers who are send out on top missions and operations around the world. The American soldiers are one of the most appreciated people in the United States today because of the recent wars with Afghanistan and Iraq.What stands out the most with the American soldiers in this country is the willingness to volunteer for this country. Volunteering means to freely offer to do something, which the soldiers in the United States are doing today. The United States military has many enlistees everyday ranging from men and women for every branch of service. The United States military today is over manned in every branch of service along with a bad economy in this country. Also, many people today are trying to join because of unemployment and the military provides a salary for people who have no income.The United States government should continue to use its volunteer military service because of the over manning numbers of enlistees today. The United States government should also explore more with volunteering especially with female soldiers that are part of the military who wish to volunteer for training in combat related jobs in the military. Women should also be able to register to the Selective Service if they wish to do so. This will make the United States military more diverse and will allow more opportunities for women.The United States government has done a great job implicating the all volunteer military service since the end of the draft in 1973 after the Vietnam War. The citizens of America have set aside their own personal lives to volunteer and fight for their country. People of all ethnici ties and religions come together as a team to protect their country from terrorism and other threats from around the world. According to â€Å"Defending the all-volunteer force† Each year about 170,000 young men and women volunteer for the active-duty force and another 140,000 for the reserve and Guard.An additional 30,000 are commissioned as officers and join the active and reserve components. Those who enlist come from all parts of the country, from households all across the economic spectrum, and from all races and ethnicities (Gilroy). The citizens who volunteer for this country are considered true American heroes. The volunteers of this country choice to fight for the United States of America and were not obligated to but decided to for the love they have for this country. This is why the all volunteer military service works because of the heart and dedication that the volunteers have for this country.A military draft wouldn’t find enough dedicated men and women w ho would have to be force to fight and risk their lives in a war that they didn’t sign up for. â€Å"It would be prudent to say the US Military does not want a military draft, as motivated volunteers are much more desirable than reluctant conscripts† (Military Spot). The military draft can never return especially in this new generation that the American citizens live in today. There would be outrage throughout the country and protests in Washington D. C. The military draft is unethical and is violating American citizens rights that our founding fathers gave us. The 13th Amendment makes quite clear that â€Å"involuntary servitude† is not permitted. And, the principle of â€Å"positive grant† espoused by the 10th Amendment states that any power not specifically given to the federal government by the constitution is â€Å"reserved to the States, respectively, or to the People† (Boldin). If the United States of America used the draft again it will tar nish the meaning of freedom in this country. The United States government should never force people to fight in a war that they do not believe in.Ripping out fathers, brothers, and sons from their homes and families is completely wrong especially if they do not return home from war. â€Å"Forcing someone to work for the state; forcing someone to kill or be killed; forcing someone to do anything at the point of a gun under threat of prison or even death is involuntary servitude. Of all the forms of slavery that have existed throughout history, forcing someone to fight and die in war is by far the most disgusting, and is a form of murder against all who don’t survive† (Boldin).Women have grown independent power throughout the past decades. A problem has recently come across within the past years with women in the military who are asking to be in combat positions in the military. The military does not allow women to have jobs involving combat and has yet to make an effort to change this problem. The problem is that women have not been given an opportunity to at least try for combat related job training. Women in the military have rose to the occasion numerous times but, are never nationally recognize for your services in war. Women are displaying great courage and skill in ambushes, firefights, and battles on the ground. They are not just surviving, but earning medals for valor in combat. On March 20, 2005, Army Sgt. Leigh Ann Hester was in a convoy of twenty-six vehicles that came under enemy ambush by fifty insurgents. Sgt. Hester â€Å"led her team through the ‘kill zone' and into a flanking position, where she assaulted a trench line with grenades and M203 grenade-launcher rounds. Sgt. Hester killed at least three insurgents† and was awarded the Silver Star for her bravery under fire† (McSally). Sgt.Hester was brave and courageous in a high stress situation where her life and others were on the line. Sgt. Hester has obviously proven herself and the United States military that she deserves an opportunity for a combat related job in the military. The United States government should at least consider looking into this important problem and test women to see if their at least physical fit for the job training. In conclusion, the United States government should continue the volunteer military service because of the large number dedicated volunteers who fight for this country.A military draft would simply be not necessary for this country because the United States military already has a large number of enlisted soldiers. The military draft is an unmoral act of forcefulness on the citizens of the United States and will have a negative effect on the country. The United States government needs to put more time and consideration for the women of the military. Women in the military should be able to train in any job if they’re capable of completing the necessary training for the job. This will make the Unite d States military equal in everything that implies with the military especially for women.Works Cited Boldin, Michael. â€Å"The Military Draft: A Moral Abomination. † The Military Draft: A Moral Abomination. Tenth Amendment, 3 Apr. 2007. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. Gilroy, Curtis L. â€Å"Defending the All-volunteer Force. † ARMED FORCES JOURNAL. ARMED FORCES JOURNAL, 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. McSally, Martha. â€Å"WOMEN IN COMBAT: IS THE CURRENT POLICY OBSOLETE? † www. law. duke. edu. Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy. Web. 16 Apr. 2012. Spot, Military. â€Å"Military Draft. † MilitarySpot. com. Military Spot, 13 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Apr. 2012.

Johnson and Johnson

TERM musical composition For STRATEGIC OPERATION wariness Submitted by ANALIZA T. CEDILLO BSBA 4-1 (OM) Submitted To Prof Avila JOHNSON & JOHNSON COMPANY INTRODUCTION * The come with supports the joined Nations Millennium instruction Goals to alter the wellness of mothers and children in developing countries. As a cross come forward uping sponsor, Johnson & Johnson dos launch the United States offshoot free mobile health service, providing health information via text messages for meaning(a) women and fresh mothers. * They ar the valet de chambres sixth-largest consumer health troupe There atomic number 18 the valets largest and most various medical devices and Diagnostics companion. * They be the worlds fifth-largest biologics beau monde. * And the worlds eighth-largest pharmaceuticals companion * Johnson & Johnson was a biggest company that caring the world and residueuring strength they consistent climax and to managingthey Business. * They yield more than 250 direct companies in 60 countries employing approximately 129,000 plenty. Our worldwide. * Johnson&Johnson Family of Companies work with partners in health care to touch the rattlings of over a billion people every(prenominal) day, doneout the world.HISTORY Johnson & Johnson,126 years more than a century caring. Its start on 1886 with the ternary brothers, Robert wood Johnson, James Wood Johnson and Edward Mead Johnson, found Johnson&Johnson in vernal Brunswick, New Jersey, U. S. 1901, is a Part of its committedness to first of all aid, Johnson&Johnson publishes the first Aid Manuals, using proven exceed practices from leading physicians. 1910, James Wood Johnson takes over the leadership of Johnson&Johnson until 1932. The first overseas direct company opens in the United terra firma was on 1924. And they expand to Mexico and South Africa.On 1932, Robert Wood Johnson II. He begins leadership of Johnson&Johnson. Kn ingest as General Johnson, he transforms the part y into a global decentralise Family of Companies. 1963-1973, Under death chair and CEO Philip B. Hofmanns leadership, operational companies launch impudent treatments for schizophrenia, family imagening and personal care. Also, 1963 marks the finish year that JOHNSONS Baby Powder is exchange in tins. They announce plans to build our new World Headquarters in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and form a public-private federation to revitalize the city. 2002, William C.Weldon give outs Chairman and CEO of Johnson&Johnson, except the eighth person to lead the Company since its founding. Under his leadership, the Company enters new healthful areas such as HIV/AIDS, and health and wellness. 2011, They celebrates 125 years of caring and looks to the succeeding(prenominal) 125 years of transforming care for patients, consumers and communities or so the world. In the year of 2012, Alex Gorsky is appointed principal executive director Officer of Johnson&Johnson. As still the seventh CEO in our history, he continues a legacy of leadership. Company OverviewJohnson & Johnsons commitment to innovative health care products has resulted in consistent pecuniary performance. The Company has 29 consecutive years of adjusted cabbage increases and 50 consecutive years of dividend increases. Johnson Johnson, through its family of companies, employs approximately 129,000 people worldwide and is occupied in the manufacture and sale of a broad range of products in the health care field in more countries of the world. Johnson Johnsons primary interest, both historic each(prenominal)y and currently, has been in products cerebrate to health and well-being.Johnson & Johnson was organized in the State of New Jersey in 1886. Johnson & Johnson is organized on the principles of decentralized focusing. The Executive Committee of Johnson & Johnson is the principal circumspection separate trustworthy for the strategic operations and storage allocation of resources of the J ohnson & Johnson family of companies. Johnson & Johnsons operating companies are organized into troika origin segments Consumer, Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices and Diagnostics.A root word Operating Committee, composed of managers who represent spot operations deep down the segment, as well as management in specialised functional departments, oversees and coordinates the activities of domestic and international companies related to to each of the affair segments. However, in position with the principle of decentralized management, senior management groups at U. S. and international operating companies are each responsible for their own strategic plans, as well as the day-after-day operations of those companies, and each international company is, with around exceptions, managed by citizens of the country where it is located.HR/MANAGEMENT Johnson Johnson strategic Framework They believe that in serving. those who sell their product, they serve himself. Foundation The Str ategic Framework starts with gospel, the guide to help sail way through challenges and opportunities. From credo, there aspiration emerges by caring, one person at a time they are help billions of people around the world live foresightfuler, healthier and happier lives. Strategic Planning/Principles From the instauration they build a unique agreeable of a set.They based on a health care, First they focus on managing for the long term. Second they operate under(a) a decentralized management approach. And thus do all this through a unique culture that value and fosters the teaching of people. Executive management of Johnson Johnson, with the support and favourable reception of the Board of Directors, has set the fundamental strategic direction of the Company to re principal(prenominal) a broadly-based human health care company for the consumer, pharmaceutical and medical device and nosology markets.Strategic planning is guided by the good principles embodied in Our Credo , unifying our people worldwide behind a set of common determine and providing a unvarying reminder of the Companys responsibilities to all of its constituents. With over 250 operating companies located in 60 countries passim the world, Johnson & Johnson is organized on the principle of decentralized management. Each international company is, with some exceptions, managed by citizens of the country where it is located. Senior management groups at U. S. nd international operating companies are each responsible for their own strategic plans. On an on-going basis end-to-end the year, at meetings of the Board and Committees of the Board, management of the Company and Board members discuss the strategic direction and major exploitations of the Companys various businesses. The process is an interactional/on-going dialogue which provides the Directors with insight into the activities and direction of the Companys businesses. account statement/Finance Department Corporate validation The values embodied in the Credo guide the actions of the people of theJohnson & Johnson Family of Companies at all trains and in all parts of the world. They permit done so for more than 60 years. These Credo values extend to our method of news report and financial reporting responsibilities. Management is responsible for timely, accurate, reliable and objective financial statements and related information. Such as * Maintain a well-designed formation of inner accounting controls. * gain strong and effective corporate nerve from our Board of Directors. * Continuously review our business results and strategic choices. Focus on financial stewardship. Accounting Controls The professionally trained sexual take stockors travel worldwide to monitor system of internal accounting controls. This system is designed to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and that transactions and events are recorded properly. The internal controls include self-assessments and in ternal and external audit reviews of operating companies, which concludes Managements Report on inborn Control over Financial Reporting, printed in Annual Report.Johnson&Johnson is guided by the values set forth in Credo, created by General Robert Wood Johnson in 1943. Credo and the principles receive been woven into the fabric of the Company. The values articulated of Credo extend to accounting and financial responsibilities to Johnson&Johnson shareholders and investors. The Johnson & Johnson SWOT Strengths * Worldwide gross revenue have grown 14% indicating a strong position for the global group. * The business model adapted by Johnson and Johnson essentially uses the adaptation of entrepreneurial values in ordination to retain an edge within the market place. Working with intensive scientific notions Johnson and Johnson utilize a varied slam of problem solving techniques in order to challenge the standard practice and take advantage on growth through acclivitous markets wh ich enables associated growth. * The use of independent offices working as standalone units provides the probability to develop concepts with cultural considerations which peck prove important when taking a product to global markets. Weaknesses There is increase pressure within pharmaceutical markets to wither prices in line with medical budgets and detect patent expirations to ensure generic wine programmers are updated within critical path movements. * Challenges have been faced within Johnson and Johnson where a decrease in the market demand for delineate products has been identified some of these products were branded and have been replaced by generic programmers at the end of patent time lines. * Internal weakness across the industry and not detached to Johnson and Johnson would be the level of theft and counterfeiting of drugs managed through internal personnel.Opportunity * Whilst the recent acquisition of Pfizer Consumer healthcare leave alone act as an hazard in its own right to boost growth for the organization through resource routes there is the added value capitalized through the give-up the ghost on investment which leave be realized 12 months before plan releasing funds back into the back end line. * Johnson and Johnson have toweringlighted new developments in drugstore products with five undergoing regulatory review which provides the opportunity to grow the existing product portfolio. Development into new functions of medical devices and diagnostics will provide new markets to entry which will result in business growth. * With the development of WTO rules to prevent the availability of cheap generic drugs there is the opportunity to reduce the level of lost profit due to generic introduction as patents run out. Whilst this will aid Johnson and Johnson where they own the brand where they are looking to capitalize on introducing generic drugs to market this ruling will become a hindrance. Threats Generally within the main phar maceutical companies there is a high level of competition for the generics markets where patents finish and it is the first to entry where success will by and large be determined. * Technological developments with bio-tech concepts will potentially move the conventional pharmaceutical methods out of the market place in the long term although there is an economical cause that this form of development can be segregated to run alongside traditional methods and complement as opposed to replace.